Nvq Unit 303 Supporting Children Through Transitions

Unit 303 Supporting children through transitions Transitions occur when a child moves from one care situation to another. Children of all ages experience transitions. 0-3 years Children attend a setting for the first time – a nursery, pre-school, creche, and childminder’s home. Move within a setting – from the baby room to the toddler room, or change childminders. To help and support the children through the transition you could: †¢Ensure all registration information has been received before the child attends, so that practitioners are prepared to meet the child’s needs. Have a key worker allocated to the child †¢Combine visits with parents, shorter stays before longer ones. †¢Tell children and adults that a new child is coming and encourages them to make the child welcome. †¢Give the child a warm welcome. †¢Encourage children and parents to say goodbye to one another. †¢Show the child around and explain the routine, where to hang up coats etc. †¢Remain supportive. †¢Provide ways to involve families in the child’s experience, to assist the transition from the setting to home. 3-7 yearsTransitions are periods of change which generally involve a loss of familiar people in a child’s life. Different children respond differently to transitions, children attending pre-school or juniors, a child moving within a setting. Children have new living arrangement or maybe even a stay in hospital. To help and prepare for change you could: †¢Communicate with the children about the transition. Talking about what will happen as well as listening to the child’s concerns. †¢Arrange a visit to a new setting prior to the transition with parental supervision. Ensure all documentation about the child is organised in advance. †¢Communicate with the children continuously to see and monitor their progress. 7-12 years Children and babies are naturally motivated to lean until the age of seven or eight. At this age school work may become taxing and the eagerness to discover may fade. To promote development of self- motivation in children you could: †¢Encourage children to be optimistic †¢Encourage children to value persistent effort and to expect success when they try †¢Teach children the value of overcoming failure Encourage children to celebrate and enjoy achievement †¢Give children opportunities to master their world †¢Make learning relevant to the individual child’s interest †¢Teach children in ways that appeal to their styles and learning. 12-16 years Some children experience multiple transitions. This may be due to frequent family breakdowns or perhaps the nature of the parents work. You should allow relationships to form gradually with friends and peers with such children, taking care not to overwhelm them.Social services recognise the problems of multiple transitions. As a child develops they still need support and encour agement with change. Children either changing school or class my still need guidance. Sometimes children enjoy solving their own problems and should be allowed to do this. The move to secondary school can be a quite big change for children. Children often have common anxieties about transitions, such as will I make friends, will I like my teacher, and will I get much homework, what happens at lunch time. Parents and carers should be aware of the child’s new surroundings †¢Get involved in the move by talking and communicating both with the child and teachers. †¢Encourage time to chat with the child to keep a good understanding of what is going on and how the child feels about the change. †¢Allow for emotional change as the child develops. †¢Support the child as they make physical and emotional changes. †¢Support and give good guidance to the rules and disciplines of both the home life and school.

Eq Is Better Than Iq

EQ IS BETTER THAN IQ! Government points| Opposition’s rebuttals| Necessary social skills that a student needs are associated with high levels of EQ or emotional intelligence. If a student does not develop the EQ skills needed to successfully transverse the maturation process he or she will be left in a situation of having the intelligence to functionally work or play but not have the emotional skills to successfully work or play, thus limiting their potential future.They may have received good grades on tests in school classes but without a working high level of EQ they are unable to function as adult people in an adult world| A person's IQ, on the other hand, measures concepts like logical reasoning, word comprehension, and math skills rather than creative potential or emotional abilities. People with a  high IQ  may be able to learn certain subjects very quickly and make connections between ideas that others miss. It's correlation coefficient is . so in most cases the hi gher IQ someone has, or the higher their potential to learn is, the higher their emotional intelligence is. | IQ tests are used as an indicator of logical reasoning ability and technical intelligence. A high IQ is often a prerequisite for rising to the top ranks of business today. It is necessary, but it is not adequate to predict executive competence and corporate success. By itself, a high IQ does not guarantee that you will stand out and rise above everyone else.Research carried out by the Carnegie Institute of Technology shows that 85 percent of your financial success is due to skills in â€Å"human engineering,† your personality and ability to communicate, negotiate, and lead. Shockingly, only 15 percent is due to technical knowledge. Additionally, Nobel Prize winning Israeli-American psychologist, Daniel Kahneman, found that people would rather do business with a person they like and trust rather than someone they don’t, even if the likeable person is offering a lower quality product or service at a higher price. What good does a  high IQ  do for you? The conclusion is: quite a lot. In our society intelligence is highly appreciated. If you have a high IQ, you have a better chance of being successful at school and professionally. | In 1995, psychologist Daniel Goleman released a book called â€Å"Emotional Intelligence: Why It Can Matter More than IQ. † Goleman tried to unravel how someone who graduates at the top of the class can spend years hoping for a promotion, whereas someone who barely cracked a book might be that class's top earner.He hypothesized that when it came to predicting success, standard intelligence mattered less than emotional intelligence. It's not what you know, but who you know — and how well you get along with them, to borrow an old adage. According to Goleman's research, a high IQ didn't help when it came to networking or collaborating, while those who could understand and regulate emotion could sail straight to the top of the corporate ladder. | | | | | | | | | |

Zulu Film Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Zulu Film Review - Essay Example Zulu Film Review The executive producer was joseph E. Levine. The film focusses on an article by a historical writer called John Prebble who also is the screenplay together with Endfield, the production director of the film. It was shot at the Diamond Films Limited Production and Embassy Pictures took an initiative to release the Zulu film at the 47th street; the Seventh Avenue and the 58th street; Third Avenue at the palace, as well as other theatres within the area of metropolitan. It takes a total of 138 minutes, as the running time, to watch the film. The film has about fifteen main actors who play different roles. In the film, Richard Hurton provides the narration of the opening and closing, Mangosuthu Buthelezi plays Zulu king while Cetshwayo KaMpade plays Zulu’s great grandfather. As the first main part, Stanley Baker (The star of the film) introduces Michael Caine together with the supporting cast that comprises of James Booth, Jack Hawkins, Nigel Green, Ulla Jacobsson, Paul Daneman, Patrick Magea, Glyn Edwards and Ivor Emmanuel. In addition, other actors that play major roles in the film include Kerry Jordan, Gert van den Berg, Gary Bond and Neil McCarthy. As the history records, there was so much anticolonial discordance and overwhelming racial tension in the period of 19th and early 2oth century. In this regard, Zulu film depicts the bloody and senseless battle which transpired in this era between the British soldiers and force of Zulu warriors in South Africa.

Leading virtual teams in today's work force Term Paper

Leading virtual teams in today's work force - Term Paper Example The purpose is the most significant aspect holding them together and is defined in various steps of action, individual tasks and common goals. This paper will discuss the evolution of virtual teams, the technology used for their successful operation, how to lead them effectively and opinions on why having them is agreeable. Implementing team collaboration in a virtual working space has an assortment of unique challenges (Konetes & Wiggins, 2009). However, apart from the telephone, there are various technological advances available to fulfill this goal. With an array of communication tools, the internet serves as the most suitable medium (Konetes & Wiggins, 2009). Below is a description of a few of them. Google docs It provides free online management of documents and spreadsheets with a Gmail or Google Account. The spreadsheet feature is handy for several employees working on a spreadsheet at the same time and enables collaborative editing of documents. This tool can be used in domain management, payroll coverage, financial reports, directory lists and ranking reports (Carmel & Espinosa, 2011). Time Doctor It is highly efficient in monitoring how time is spent. It can be used to track personal or team time (Carmel & Espinosa, 2011). ... It is a significant tool in monitoring attendance, to do lists, application usage monitoring and automatic timesheets. Jing Project This tool allows virtual team members to capture a screen or video on their desktops (Carmel & Espinosa, 2011). Comments, explanations and voice recordings, can be added to the screen captures. These can then be uploaded to software that converts them into simple links accessible by all team members. It is useful in communicating with developers and designers, where there is a need to explain requirements and changes. It also serves as a substitute when screen sharing is limited by differences in time zones (Carmel & Espinosa, 2011). This tool also allows users to record their screens. Drop Box This is a file sharing tool (Lipnack & Stamps, 1999). When new content is added to the Drop Box folder, it automatically updates all other team members that the file had been shared with, or even another computer a member might be using at home. Drop box can be us ed to back up documents, passwords and images, share training material, file access from multiple computers and file exchange with clients (Lipnack & Stamps, 1999). Freshbooks This is a web based, easy to setup, invoicing application. It allows employees to add time to company invoices. It is useful in management of billable timesheets, invoicing sales and creating estimates (Konetes & Wiggins, 2009). The advent of telecommuting fueled the evolution of virtual work teams. This was coupled with the need to integrate skills and knowledge across the globe to achieve desired organizational goals. There is also the significant aspect of achieving the goals without having to physically move both human and technological resources. This is

Business Environment And Strategic Management Essay

Business Environment And Strategic Management - Essay Example However, Nafeeseh and Al-Mudimigh (2011) argued that although technology has increased the utility and performance of the corporations, there also exists noteworthy threats regarding the security and privacy of information shared over internet platforms. Kanet and Stà ¶ÃƒÅ¸lein (2010) observed that because of extensive competition in the international marketplace firms are trying to reduce their operational expenditure and generate a cost competitive advantage. In this context, application of technology has improved the performance of the firms by reducing the manual work capital and time required for completing the operational activities of business houses. For instance, with the help of production equipment firms can accelerate their production process and also reduce the number of man-hours required. Similarly, ICT has helped in connecting the functions of the organizations with each other with aspects such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Customer Relationship Management ( CRM), etc (Qutaishat et al. 2012). The changes in the business environment have been largely accredited to the technological changes taking place in the world. Hosman (2011) considered that technological inclusion in business firms is taking place at a rapid pace which has increased the frequency of changes being incorporated in the work structure of firms and can also hamper the performance and productivity of the business houses. There are arguments and counter-arguments regarding the role of technology in the corporate world.

Organizational Behaviour Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Organizational Behaviour Leadership - Essay Example This is studied in terms of whole organization, whole group, whole person and finally the whole social system. The focus of leadership in the context of organizational behavior is to establish better relationships within the organization by achieving organizational objectives, social objectives and human activities. It is notable that the organizational base has its core pillars resting on its management philosophy, goals, objectives, vision and values. Organizational culture arises from this comprising of formal organization, informal and its underlying social environment (Judith Wilson 2009). This aspect of organizational culture determines the model of leadership, dynamics within the organization, coordination and communication. The organizational employees take this into consideration as the quality work of life and determine to a greater extent their motivation. The final outcome of these underlying elements of organization behavior leadership determines the organizational perfo rmance, personal growth and stakeholder’s satisfaction (Wilson 2011). This can be argued to form the basis to establish appropriate framework or model that an organization operates. VLEADER PRACTICE AND REFLECTION In the context of organization behavior and leadership there is various situations arising attributed to interactions among managers, subordinates, groups and individuals in workplace. ... In this scenario the effective leadership style can be participative or delegate, given the contingencies to consider the following steps can be followed. Enhance engagement This will encourage Oli participate fully during the meeting feeling free to raise ideas. Despite the higher level of engagement it is important to retain the final say over the decision making process. The person engaged to feels motivated and becomes more creative. Tension strategy This step during the first meeting ensures that Oli is given a room to think of new ideas and challenging him to ensure that the work is done. Ideas that are relaxing is introduced and focused on. Oli should be offered the highest level of participation and encouragement to contribute more ideas in the meeting. Idea strategy This step is essential ensuring that one on one meeting and the manager’s intent is achieved. This step also ensures that Oli uncover the hidden ideas about the organization whereby right ideas are focused on. Work strategy It is important to focus on the critical work that enhances motivation by introducing ideas that motivates the subordinate. This can be achieved by suggesting order as well as introducing ideas and concluding with ideas that will facilitate motivation. The key major point under this attributed to this interaction includes enhancement of problem solving. As a manager leadership role is retained in making informed decisions considering subordinates input and enhanced consultation. This approach fosters successful handling of risks encouraging employees to contribute ideas steadily (Thach 2009). Understanding is enhanced whereby workplace energy and enthusiasm essential for solving complex organizational problems.

Writing as Art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Writing as Art - Essay Example This paper highlights that writing campaigns have been in use for many years. Some have been effective while others have not. However, they serve the same purpose of educating and spreading the message, they want done. The paper will discuss writing as art, and the way writing campaign has used to protest social problems. Writers develop words, make them true, emphasize, and illuminate the words through images. Through the voices, they hold the reader’s attention and remind them of the changing tones of speech. Through the stories heard and told, they indicate the way the writer’s thoughts are molded by the narrative, how the writer shapes the lives and thoughts of others and their lives. There are features that are used to identify writing as a form of art, and they have a strong impact on the readers and writers. These features include world, story, image, and voice. Without these elements or components, the practice of writing would become disadvantaged. From this discussion it is clear that story entails structure, and meaning of the structure. Stories are narrated by voices developing images; voices also create and inhabit worlds. A writer who stays close to the character voices has more opportunities of going into the rhythm of living, of engaging the readers in that rhythm, for readers to feel that they know it by themselves. The utilization of thinking and speaking voices in writing seems to be the main quality, perhaps the most significant skill for the writer to learn. However, if the writers think about it, the voices that capture our attention are those that generate images, tell stories, and make the world real to the readers as their own. Writing as art assists us to determine the images, stories, worlds, and voices individuals inhibit and which inhabit writers, in other words, the acquired culture.

Diversity in our law agencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Diversity in our law agencies - Essay Example However, the gender bias that exists in police department begins right at the hiring stage where applicants are required to perform a Physical Abilities test where they have to scale a 6 foot wall and other physical acts that call for strength in the upper body, where women are weeded out. Moreover, the smaller number of women police officers creates an environment that predisposes towards sexual harassment and discrimination at the workplace. Women are subjected to sexual innuendos and unwanted advances from their superiors and find it difficult to help female victims of domestic violence in the environment of male bias that exists in the police force. Since most police officers work in teams with one â€Å"rookie† officer assigned to work with an older, more experienced officer, the mentor-student approach sometimes tends to create personal conflicts and instances of sexual harassment. The tough nature of the job itself is exacerbated by personal tensions that creep up betwe en a female rookie and a tough, male officer-mentor. In an occupation that has been a traditionally male dominated bastion, there also exists an unspoken â€Å"brotherhood† that tends to promote and favor male officers over females, based upon the false perception that women are inherently weaker and incapable of the harsh realities of police work.(Shusta et al, 1995). The existence of the stereotypes about the physical or psychological characteristics makes it even harder for women to break into the tough world of policing. The common perception is that women are less effective on the field and are better relegated to purely administrative positions within the department. While one standard is applied to assess the ability and skill of men for higher positions within the department, a different standard is applied for women, often requiring them to

Analysis of the movie Seven Years in Tibet Essay

Analysis of the movie Seven Years in Tibet - Essay Example We see a cold, harsh man at the beginning of the film –a man who doesn’t want the son he and his wife are expecting and goes off to conquer a mountain in the Himalayas– turned into a human being, someone we can respect and trust, even as the Dalai Lama shows him respect and trust, considering him to be not only worthy of looking up to in some ways, but also to be a friend. The transformation comes about through a series events, the most important of which is the contact with the people and culture of Lhasa, where Heinrich and his friend Peter -after having endured hardships like being in a P.O.W. camp, traveling on foot for hundreds of miles in severe weather conditions, injuries and frostbite- are accepted into the home of a high government official. The draw of the Tibetan culture and the Holy City is so strong that Heinrich and Peter decide to stay there, and Peter even ends up marrying the town seamstress or â€Å"tailor,† as she so unequivocally points out, after both men compete for her affections and Peter ends up winning. They come to refer to the city as Paradise, and indeed after the invasion of the Chinese under the command of Mao Tse Tung, one has a definite feeling of Paradise lost. The remoteness and mystery of the city are a key part of the movie, and appear to be part of the director’s intention of showing Tibet as an almost otherworldly place with a moral fiber that most people can only hope to aspire to, a place of true holiness, and not just a rigidity based on routines and rituals with no real substance to it.

MARKETING PROFESSIONAL Practice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

MARKETING PROFESSIONAL Practice - Essay Example At the next level, the people who will work on this plan’s realization need to be identified and appropriately trained. The research for the staff required for the completion of an organizational plan begins within the organization. If specific competencies are involved in the particular project, then individuals with the required skills need to be identified. At this point, there is the following problem: is the organization involved able to respond to the financial needs of such initiative? In current case, the financial status of the particular (non – profit) organization is rather satisfactory – at least for now. However, the organization is not able of hiring staff; for this reason, volunteers will be asked to participate in the particular project – supporting the organization’s permanent staff. The various aspects of the specific scheme – of attracting volunteers – need to be carefully reviewed: a) volunteers will be treated like the permanent staff, b) the tasks allocated to volunteers will be checked – in accordance with the skills and the competencies of each individual, c) the time period of the volunteers’ participation in the project will be strictly defined – each volunteer will be asked to participate in the project for a short period – not more than a month – in order to guarantee the quality of the work provided but also the availability of volunteers, d) the performance of volunteers will be monitored – ensuring that volunteers who highly perform will be rewarded for their efforts; non-financial rewards could be provided to volunteers aiming to enforce their motivation. When the financial and the non-financial resources required for the specific project have been allocated – in the context described above – then the practical implications and challenges of the project should be identified and evaluated. First, the phases of the project need to be presented: a) in terms of location, the project will be

Systems Maintenance Essay Example for Free

Systems Maintenance Essay Onsite help desk will be located at the head Office. It will provide help desk support to all of their branches via a toll-free number and/or website. When a problem has occurred at a franchisee, the franchisee staff needs to log a call through to their helpdesk over phone or website. The help desk will try to troubleshoot over phone first and if that does not fix the problem, subsequently they will organize for a technician to attend ASAP. In addition to that there will a full time technician at the web server location at the head office providing 247 support. User support will be provided in number of methods, such as online documentation and troubleshooting, a help desk, technical support, end user satisfaction, resolving service request quickly and seamlessly, increase productivities, online document, online enquiry facilities, online transaction facilities and others. A. User Documentation a. User guide The user guide would feature all the roles of the system users and the various functionalities they possess for the successful operation and use of the system. A business process-oriented manual The business process oriented model would collate all the business processes that the equipment tracking system holds and ensures rightful use of them for exploiting the system. c. Security policies for the equipment tracking system The security issues are the primary issues which an organization must take care to protect their data which is king to any organization. In particular as the system implements payment system, security is very much required as that would ensure safe communication with financial information. The following are the identified issues and their correct implementation process: 1. Login/Access Issues: Every customer would be asked to sign up with the company before any services are provided. That would ensure safety of transactions made with the company. It could be similar to Pay Pal, where a person can get verified by giving his Credit card number. 2. Back up: Periodic backups can be taken of the database in magnetic tapes so that data remains safe and is not lost. The saved data also ensures continuity of business and good recoverability options. 3. Antivirus software: The system needs to be protected against all vulnerabilities and threats like viruses. Good anti-virus software would ensure that the system is well protected and operations will not halt for any external threat. 4. Access control: This ensures that everyone is not allowed to access all information and all business functions. Access control is a mechanism which creates views for every type of user. Views are used for giving a user a specific access area outside which nothing is available. Such as an accounts officer should not be able to view reports of the profits in the business which is meant for the owners and higher management. B. Evaluation 1. Critical Appraisal The database designed is a fully automated system for the equipment tracking system. It follows all the CRUD properties and ensure better handling the users and the roles. 2. Strengths of each stage All information is stored and retrieved in the RDBMS tool created for the system. 3. Weaknesses of each stage The cost of maintaining the system is a little overhead for the organization. The backups and support issues may pose a problem. C. Conclusion The equipment tracking system’s fundamental goal was to manage the inventory and ascertain at any point of time the availability of the equipments to be allocated to departments. Another intention is to check the various calculations of the firm based on their earnings and profit in the long run. Content should be maintained and produced for scan-ability. Engineering principles were a necessity in the complexity/diversity surrounding online activity. Legal and ethical issues are vital to security conscious users. Further work can be in the form of a web based system to spread its operation and functionality over the internet to increase its usability, acceptance, workability and many other factors. The systems development model based on the web technologies would make sure that the complete supply chain of the business is managed thoroughly by the system and would take care of the process of getting the products to their warehouse to ultimately selling to the customers (Laudon, 2003). Online order tracking options can be implemented to reinforce visual symbols such as â€Å"Best Buys†, â€Å"Add to Basket† and instructions to â€Å"proceed to Basket and Checkout† which are reminders of physical store environments, providing familiarity to customers. (Weick, 2001). References / Bibliography Barry Mawer (2000). Systems Maintenance, vol 32, pp 12. Booch, Grady (2003). Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, 2nd Edition, Addison-Wesley Professional.

Influence from Mexican and Puerto Ricans in the Us Culture Essay Example for Free

Influence from Mexican and Puerto Ricans in the Us Culture Essay The U. S. culture has been saturated with Mexican and Puerto Rican influences. Influence is defined as a cognitive factor that tends to have an effect on what you do. I believe most of the influences are good but there are also some that are bad. The two major influences that will be brought up would be the influence of human creativity and violence. Puerto Ricans had a unique blend of human creativity. â€Å"Fueled by that political awakening, a cultural renaissance emerged among Puerto Rican artists. † By the 1960’s salsa music began to emerge. Puerto Ricans rooted this category of music especially in the New York area. Fania Records became the dominant record label in the early salsa music scene. Juan Gonzalez mentioned artist such as Eddie and Charlie Palmieri, Willie Colon and Ray Barretto. They provoked with there politically charged lyrics. It also sprang up writers such as Piri Thomas and Nicholasa Mohr mentioned by Juan Gonzalez. Piri Thomas was born in the Spanish Harlem section of Manhattan and is known for his best seller autobiography â€Å"Down These Mean Streets†pg63 and describes his struggle having Puerto Rican heritage. Nicholasa Mohr her works also told of the difficulties of growing up in Puerto Rican communities in the New York area. As more Puerto Rican came to into the States a big clash of racial identity rose. Black and White was a struggle in itself then Brown came in to the mix it mad things twist. â€Å"A dwindling tax base, brought about by the flight of industry and skilled white workers to the suburbs, massive disinvestment by government in public schools and infrastructure, and the epidemics of drug and alcohol abuse, all tore at the quality of city life†Pg 64. Lack of investment in the infrastructure and public schools by the government was a major contributor to this especially since most did not know how to speak English and the teachers did not know how to translate to the students. â€Å"The third generation of Puerto Ricans, those who came of age in the late 1980s and early 1990s, found themselves crippled by inferior schools, a lack of jobs, and underfunded social services. They found their neighborhoods inundated with drugs and violence. They grew up devoid, for the most part, of self-image, national identity, or cultural awareness. They became the lost generation. †Pg63 Mexicans also had there share of influencial human creativity. Mexicans are known for developing corrido music. They were smart about this music though because they were used to inform. They had dates names warnings and some were stories of crime or love. † The average corrido was usually so filled with dates, names, and factual details that it functioned not only as entertainment but also as a news report, historical narrative, and commentary for the mass of Mexicans who were still illiterate†. pg124. To change up the creativity from the arts to a more meaningful influence would be the founding of MAYO and no not the one you eat but Mexican American Youth Organization. This was intended to protect the civil rights of Mexican Americans. â€Å"One of the most influential groups to arise during the period was the Mexican American Youth Organization (MAYO), founded in San Antonio by Willie Velazquez, a young community organizer for the Catholic Bishop’s Committee on the Spanish Speaking, and Crystal City’s Jose Angel Gutierrez. †pg 69. Mexicans have been picked on for decades and are still being hated upon. What was heavily impacted were schools and nothing was done about it. MAYO staged school walk outs to gain power. These acts would allow them to earn seats on school boards which in turn allowed them to participate in deciding what was best for their own people. In turn violence also was majorly influence. The US culture was raised to hate Mexicans. † Once the Great Depression hit and unemployment surged among whites, though, not even Mexicans who spoke fluent English escaped the anti-immigrant hysteria. More than 500,000 were forcibly deported during the 1930s, among them many who were U. S. citizens. † Speaking spanish a lot of times was a burden for mexicans which made them targets since most that all they spoke. To conclude Puerto Ricans and Mexicans have influenced the US culture. It still hasn’t stopped it continues to. More than likely it will still influence for many more years to come. They have been put down but they come right back up and stronger. They have given a lot to stop and to soak in many years of heritage. So go dance to some salsa or sing a corrido for a change.

Time To Rethink The Portfolio

Time To Rethink The Portfolio Church Dwight Co. Inc. is a 160 years old company that has been working to build a market share on a brand name that is rarely associated with its name, Arm Hammer (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1). The companys growth strategy was finding new ways to incorporate sodium bicarbonate in the lives of the consumer. The company shifted management thinking, as more emphasis has been placed on bottom-line profitability growth. Because of the acquisition of 80 different consumer brands since 2004, Church Dwight dealt with explosive growth that is producing challenges such as the companys small size and the ability to compete for market share with its giant competitors both domestic and international market (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1 35-2). 2. Summary statement of the recommended solution: Church Dwight, a relatively small company, recognized the challenges of growing sales through acquisitions that it made to promote growth and competitiveness within those markets. They needed to grow the expansion of product lines into a variety of personal care, deodorizing and cleaning, and laundry products as well as specialty chemicals, animal nutrition, and specialty cleaners (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Church Dwight expanded into international markets and gained footholds in product markets through acquisition of manufacturing assets. Penetrating international markets and removing barriers such as transportation cost will gain a competitive edge against the giant players in the market (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-11). B. THE SITUATION After 160 years, Church Dwight is a giant in the household domestic product market with a brand name recognition more commonly associated with Arm Hammer products. ARM HAMMER baking soda became a fundamental item on the pantry shelf because of its several uses other than baking, it can be used as a dentifrice, chemical agent to absorb or neutralize odors and acidity, a kidney dialysis element, a blast media, an environmentally friendly cleaning agent, a swimming pool pH stabilizer, and a pollution control agent (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The companys brand portfolio included over 80 popular brands and competes for market share with other giants including Colgate-Palmolive, Clorox, and Proctor Gamble, which have combined sales of over $100 billion (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-1). The company expanded over the past decade into other household product lines through acquisitions of consumer brands such as Mentadent, Pepsodent, Aim, Close-up, Trojan, Spinbrush, Oragel and Ox iclean. It achieved 85% of the sodium bicarbonate market share (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Expansion in the domestic markets proved successful because of the management recognized the value of a major asset, the companys pristine balance sheet and made the decision to grow (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). Growth in the foreign markets proved more challenging than domestic markets as net sales in 2009 were only $393 million compared to domestic net sales of $1.8 billion (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). Finally, the company has achieved some success in foreign markets as 19% of revenue has been received through international market sales; primarily in consumer products (Case Author: Cook, R. A., p.35-1 35-12, 2012). A challenge against leveraged buy-outs and hostile takeovers is eminent. It is also experiencing head on collision with giant competitors such as Procter Gamble and Colgate-Palmolive. In spite of challenges Church Dwight transformed into much larger competito r not only across a broader range of products but also in geographic territory (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6). Because of this, the company in order to maintain its continuous growth in both domestic and international arena needs to have the best strategy at their side. (Cook, pp, 35-1 35-12). II. ANALYSIS A. ANALYSIS OF THE SITUATION Management The management of Church Dwight Co. Inc. was lead by Dwight C. Milton, a direct descendant of Austin Church, as CEO from 1969 to 1995. He remained on the board as Chairman Emeritus as he turned over the responsibility to the first non-family member to Robert A. Davies III. Again In 2004 the responsibility was transferred to another non-family member, James R. Craige, who remained focused on building a portfolio of strong brands with sustainable competitive advantage (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The steadiness of the companys leadership can be primarily attributed to the fact that 25 percent of outstanding common stock is owned by descendants of the companys original cofounders, a tradition that continues today (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). This focused leadership style has enabled Church Dwight to overcome potential leveraged buy-outs and hostile takeovers with a series of calculated actions and savvy business decisions. These actions allowed the board of dir ectors and management to amend the companys charter and allowing shareholders four (4) votes per share after they hold their stock for four years. In addition to staggering the directors tenure, the company initiated employee severance agreements with key officials, providing a severance package agreement to provide a safety net should any of the board member positions be terminated by a hostile takeover or leveraged buy-out by an unwanted suitor. By providing these lucrative packages for senior managers, many were able to stay with Church Dwight and allowed for continuity of leadership styles, vision and mission focus. It is because of this steadfast devotion to principles that have promoted steady growth over the years that we find Church Dwight identified previously as a Star but more recently labeled a Cash Cow using the Boston Consulting Group (BCG) Growth Share Matrix (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 221-222). However, as the company focuses more on international markets and ente rs other potential avenues of growing product lines, it will surely find itself back in the Stars range of the BCG Growth-Share Matrix. Operations 10 years ago, the Church Dwight Co. Inc. was a largely household domestic product company with an average annual sale of less than a billion dollars but because of major acquisitions, today it is has transformed into a company that has a capability of earning over 2.5 billion in annual sales. Church Dwight have come to the realization that they have major challenges to overcome if they are to compete with other giants in the industry and continue to thrive. Church Dwight also recognize they must remain vigilant to quickly and adequately deal with Porters Five Forces: Bargaining power of suppliers; Threat of new entrants; Threat of substitute products or services; bargaining power of buyers (customers); and Rivalry among existing firms (competitors) (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 110-113). When considering the force, Bargaining Power of Suppliers, the force rating could be considered MEDIUM as management must be constantly aware of any potential market shocks or trends. If an affiliate retailer is affected by unforeseen supply chain issues, like increased fuel prices, then those costs throughout the company may be affected to remain competitive. In addition, Church Dwight are well aware of the economic situations that may affect their trade customers who may reduce distribution of products in which sales may decline, or adversely affect the financial performance of the company (Craigie, 2010, p. 11). There was never historically a Threat of New Entrants into the sodium bicarbonate market prior to 1970. However, as the company developed new product offerings and other established consumer brands, they now face the same competition threats of mature and domestic and international markets for consumer products (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-7, 2012). In addition, this threat of new entrants has emerged over the past decades and may now be rated High on the Porters Force Rating Scale. In fact, the looming economic crisis may cause many trade customers to more c ritically analyze the threat of new entrants as HIGH as competition drives less efficient operators out of the market as new competitors are always trying to enter the market by under-selling products directly competing with Church Dwight. Of course, the Threat of substitute products or services is always considered HIGH as well because brand recognition is very important in todays mass-media marketing. The value of trademarks, copyrights, or brand recognition can be severely impacted if inferior or substitute products/services from an affiliate or emerging competitor are advertised or sold to consumers looking for products with reputations of value and durability. Of course, a substitute item may also find its way into the market where consumers might choose it as a suitable replacement, but at a much cheaper cost to them. This would definitely be a problem for any company. (Wheelen Hunger, p. 221-222, 2012). Bargaining power of buyers (customers) is generally a MEDIUM concern as consumer satisfaction is evaluated in a variety of ways. Otherwise, dissatisfaction can drive prices up or down based on demand (or the lack of). Quality is also a hallmark of Church Dwight and the perception by consumers of any potential lowering of standards to decrease prices will typically drive loyal customers away. And finally, Rivalry among existing firms (competitors) is HIGH as competitors try to achieve greater market shares to grow potential profit shares. To reduce industry competition, Church Dwight also have a very solid core of specialty products (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-9, 2012). Fortunately, Church Dwight has in an enviable position to profit from its dominant niche in the sodium bicarbonate products market since it controlled the primary raw material used in its production (Wheelen Hunger, p 35-9, 2012). Marketing The Church Dwight Co. Inc. sales are concentrated in United States and Canada where funnel it through mass merchandisers such as Wal-Mart, supermarkets, wholesale clubs and drugstores (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-7). Marketing strategy has been fairly simplistic in that its focus has primarily been on the sodium bicarbonate product lines for over a century, but since acquiring over 80 additional brands and the expansion into other product markets the brand recognition has become even more important than ever. As a result, marketing expenses for 2009 were $353.6 million, an increase of $59.5 million or 20% as compared to 2008 (Craigie, 2010, p. 29). Church Dwight catered to all demographics which allowed them to develop more and more organic products and services with large scale agreements to serve them. Unfortunately, attempts to enter international markets have met with limited success, probably for two reasons: (1) lack of name recognition and (2) transportation cos ts (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-11). Church Dwight decided to take their marketing tasks in house by having designed a campaign on one of their product that would shake people up particularly those who think that using condoms is not for them by airing commercials on prime-time television. This shock strategy increased its marketing strength and enabled the partnership with Quidel Corporation, a provider of point-of-care diagnostic test, to meet womens health and wellness needs (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-9). Product marketing is essential to reinforce brand name recognition so consumers never forget the value and quality of a companys name and its product lines. Finance Being the worlds largest producer and marketer of sodium bicarbonate-based products, Church Dwight Co. Inc was able to maintain a steady growth in both sales and earnings. For the past 30 years, the average company sales have increased by 10-15% annually (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The companys domestic markets have proven successful because of the companys pristine balance sheet (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). in 2009, Church Dwights performance worldwide has achieved an increase in sales of 4 percent; organic sales increased 5 percent, gross profit margin increased 44 percent while global marketing expenses only increased 20 percent; and the Net Cash Flow grew to a record level of $401 million even more significant to investors is the report of earnings per share grew 23% and dividends on investments increased by 35 percent (Craigie, 2010, p. 1). ). In contrast to the growing profits and expenses, the company also jettisoned noncore assets for the first time, i ncluding five domestic and international consumer product brands acquired during the 2008 Del Laboratories transaction (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-5). The long-term business model is based on annual organic growth of 3-4%, gross marginal expansion, tight management of overhead cost and operating margin improvement of 60-70 basis points resulting in sustained earning growth of 10-12% excluding acquisition. They have added a $1 billion in sales for the past 5 years while reducing the total head count by 5% (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). the CEO remains focused on building a portfolio of strong brands with sustainable competitive advantages and the long-term objective is to maintain the companys track record of delivering outstanding TSR (Total Shareholder Return) relative to that of the SP 500 (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). Administration (Human Resources) The Companys leadership at the top has remained a stable hallmark of the company. The Boards of directors are structures into three classes with four directors in each class serving staggered period of three year term (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). the former CEO, Mr. James R. Cragie, stated à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦[W]e have added $1 billion in sales in the past five years, a 72% increase, while reducing out total headcount by 5%, resulting in higher revenue per employee than all of our major competitors (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). Because of its continuous exposure to would-be suitors the company has entered into an employee severance agreement with key officials. It provides pay up to two times the individuals highest salary and bonus plus benefits for two years. As the company widens its coverage into the consumer products in early 2000s, the changes in its key personnel was noticeable by injected a pool of executives with wide range of experien ce in marketing and international background from known organizations such as Spalding Sports Worldwide, Johnsons Johnsons, FMC and Carter-Wallace (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-3). Technological advancements allow for increased productivity in various aspects of manufacturing and labor allowing for greater productivity without the added expense of additional manpower. The following is the companys published Ethical Standards: The reputation and integrity of Church Dwight Co., Inc. are valuable corporate assets, vital to the Companys success. Each Company employee, including each of the Companys officers and general managers and each Company director, is responsible for conducting the Companys business in a manner that demonstrates a commitment to the highest standards of integrity. Specifically, we encourage among Company personnel a culture of honesty, accountability and mutual respect. Additionally, we provide guidance to help Company personnel recognize and deal with ethical i ssues. Finally, we have provided mechanisms for Company personnel to report unethical conduct. Dishonest or unethical conduct or conduct that is illegal will constitute a violation of these Standards and are grounds for disciplinary action (Church Dwight Co. Inc, 2010). SWOT STRENGTHS The Church Dwight Corporation has several strengths, the company controlled the primary raw materials used in its production of Sodium Bicarbonate through its companys mines in southwest Wyoming, production was completed in company owned plants located in Green River, Wyoming and Old Fort, Ohio and they manufactured almost two-thirds of the sodium bicarbonate sold in United States (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-9). The sodium bicarbonate product line has proven itself for over 160 years with uses in baking, cleaning, and deodorizing, and as an added ingredient for things like drain openers and neutralizing agents. WEAKNESSES A potential weakness within the company is the overextension of branding into many other product lines. Until 1970, it produced and sold only two consumer products: ARM HAMMER Baking Soda and a laundry product marketed under the name Super Washing Soda. The company enjoyed success domestically, but in the international arena where growth was more products driven and less marking sensitive, the company was less experienced (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-6 35-7). Other weaknesses are the lack of name recognition from consumers, the capability in entering the international market due to being hindered by the cost of transporting the product, and the cost is four times of its domestic transportation cost. Opportunities There is a wide range of opportunities for Church Dwight Co. Inc. when it come to their sodium bicarbonate products as it continues to explore new use. Church Dwight gained recognition when it was utilized successfully for the delicate task stripping the paint and tar from the interior of Statue of Liberty without damaging the fragile copper skin (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-10). Future expansion in acquisitions and assets may prove more advantageous as potential consumer products become even more attractive to increase the profitability as the manufacturing base is expanded around the globe. THREATS The primary threat to Church Dwight is competition. Competitors have an even greater market share and larger marketing campaigns to remain leaders in their respective niche. There are also threats of buy-outs or hostile takeovers of Church Dwight but because of the company entering into an employee severance agreement with key officials (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-3)it has kept this issue away from them. 7.) Products or services Church Dwight consists of several acquisitions that cater to almost 95% of all US Households. These products are based on differences in the nature of their uses and organized into three reportable segments: Consumer Domestic, Consumer International and Specialty Products (SPD) (Craigie, 2010, p. 2). The company currently produces 80 different product lines, in which (8) major brands make up a total of 80 percent of its business (Craigie, 2010, p. 1), including: ARM HAMMER, Trojan, Oxiclean, Spinbrush, First Response, Nair, Orajel, and Xtra Leading Deep Value Laundry Detergent (Craigie, 2010, p. 1). Church Dwight has a discreet marketing team focused solely on new product development which leads cross-functional efforts. In partnership withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦RD colleagues, uses both internal and external resources to identify, design and market new productsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦accounted for over $400 million, or over 15 percent in total sales, in 2009 (Church Dwi ght Co. Inc, 2010). The products ranges from dentifrice, chemical agent to absorb or neutralize odors and acidity, a kidney dialysis element, a blast media, an environmentally friendly cleaning agent, a swimming pool pH stabilizer, and pollution control agent (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-2). The company is also focused on goals to develop differentiated products with new and distinctive features, increased convenience and value, and engaging outside contractors for research and development activities (Church Dwight Co. Inc, 2010). B. PROBLEM DEFINITION The problem presented in this case study was that Church Dwight needed to rationalize its expanded consumer products, while presenting a consistent operating profit and increasing market shares of the household product industry. Potential marketing problems arose when companys own products were placed along with its well-known brand name and confused consumers. The companys corporate objectives were: (1) to maintain a steady growth by staying focus on long term goals; (2) to provide best result to shareholders; (3) to continue seeking new uses of its core products (4) to maintain and keep cost under control; (5) to enter the international market and continually seeking for opportunity for growth. In order for Church Dwight to retain its position, it must continue to provide outstanding customer service, excellence in product quality, invest in cutting edge technology, and develop new uses for its primary product line. every market has its saturation point where products matures after reaching its peak because of this point the company must be ready to adapt to a continuous cycle of change. Church Dwight enjoy a considerably large loyal customer base, competing with Proctor Gamble and other industry giants and to get customers to switch competitors is no easy task. The company should explore ways of improving the life of the consumers while maintaining and protecting the environment, new products and competitors will always emerge and there are limitless opportunities for growth in international market. III. SYNTHESIS ALTERNATIVE SOLUTIONS Brand recognition for ARM HAMMER brand products has already been established within the domestic markets of the United States, but international markets continue to be a challenge due to cultural differences in market populations, marketing strategies, and language barriers that require new brand names to be more suitable for local languages/cultures. Church Dwight have been very effective in using its acquisitions to generate greater revenue but with the high cost of transporting its finished goods internationally, intense competition, and higher commodities costs it might be financially sound to entering into an agreement with an established international company. Another alternative could be to develop joint-business ventures with suppliers, manufacturers, distributers, and retailers. The benefit to this option would be to streamline production and sales and allow the ease of marketing products and services to its affiliates and partners. RECOMMENDATIONS AND CONCLUSION The best solution for this company is to be able to retain the best products while satisfying competitive pressures. The following recommendation and solution of reducing expenditures and continuing the company policy of continued growth through new product development and market expansion with hopes of reducing costs. The continuous seeking of new use sodium bicarbonate will still be very effective for this company in years to come that is why the focus on this should never be lost for Expanding into new markets with major competitors jockeying for shelf space and retailers seeking to rationalize their breadth of product offerings, more changes may be considered (Wheelen Hunger, 2012, pp. 35-12). Church Dwight should develop new product lines both in domestic markets and globally as those markets are offering a much bigger area to be explored. In conclusion the ultimate goal of achieving huge revenue while maintaining cost of operation as low as pos sible has been always part of Church and Dwight Co. Inc. For them to reach where they are now in spite of unpopular name is truly a testimony of greatness that a company can achieve. This company, backed with 160 years of marketing and production experience will have a much clear brighter path of success as long as they continue to focus on their long term goals.

Trace Evidence Essay examples -- essays research papers

Crime scenes are known to have many clues left behind. The obvious would be a the body or bodies, clothing, and sometimes even the murder weapon. While these are great way to solve a case there's another kind of evidence; trace evidence. Trace evidence are small pieces of evidence that are laying around a crime scene. There are many types of trace evidence some of them include metal filings, plastic fragments, gunshot residue, glass fragments, feathers, food stains, building materials, lubricants, fingernail scrapings, pollens and spores, cosmetics, chemicals, paper fibers and sawdust, human and animal hairs, plant and vegetable fibers, blood and other body fluids, asphalt or tar, vegetable fats and oils, dusts and other airborne particles, insulation, textile fibers, soot, soils and mineral grains, and explosive residues. Although these are the most common found elements, they are not the only ones. The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types a nd used the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or knowns samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigaros use it to solve cases and convict criminal. Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Institute of Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics. He is also known for advancing the science of fingerprints. In 1910 he was authorized to start a small forensic laboratory in the Palais de Justice which he directed until 1951.While there he worked on criminal identification methods including poroscopy- the microscopic examination of fingerprints; analyses of body fluids, hair and skin; and graphometry or handwriting analysis. He is the man responsible for coming up with the theory that when two objects come in contact with each other they leave some kind of material matter behind. This theory was later called Locard’s Exchange Principle. The idea is that the evidence can be used to associate objects, individuals or locations with one another." A person typically loses about 100 hairs a day. These hairs may be of evidentiary value to show contact between two people. With an adequate hair standard, a trace chemist will be able to microscopically compare a... ...furniture which may be locked. They then use the small paint chips and metal as evidence and process them the way that individual piece of evidence should be processed. Believe it or not, wounds from a victim are also evidence. The wound can allow the investigators to match up any marks that could have been made from the weapon and therefore allows them to determine at what angle, distance, and how fast the weapon was used. The last type of evidence I will discuss are documents. Everyone has a different handwriting and different characteristics that make it unique. Computers are also unique in the way they type and print out things. Document examiners can look over these and establish the similarities in the handwriting and computer forensic specialists can extract logs and other data from most devices. As you can see there is no perfect crime. The littlest piece of hair or paint or anything left behind can be found. Suspects often miss these tiny peieces of evidence and while they looked over it, it is still lurking at the crim scene. It is guarenteed that a Crime Scene Investigator will find this evidence no matter how small and use it to find, prosecute, and convict a criminal. Trace Evidence Essay examples -- essays research papers Crime scenes are known to have many clues left behind. The obvious would be a the body or bodies, clothing, and sometimes even the murder weapon. While these are great way to solve a case there's another kind of evidence; trace evidence. Trace evidence are small pieces of evidence that are laying around a crime scene. There are many types of trace evidence some of them include metal filings, plastic fragments, gunshot residue, glass fragments, feathers, food stains, building materials, lubricants, fingernail scrapings, pollens and spores, cosmetics, chemicals, paper fibers and sawdust, human and animal hairs, plant and vegetable fibers, blood and other body fluids, asphalt or tar, vegetable fats and oils, dusts and other airborne particles, insulation, textile fibers, soot, soils and mineral grains, and explosive residues. Although these are the most common found elements, they are not the only ones. The Trace Evidence Unit is known to examine the largest variety of evidence types a nd used the biggest range of analytical methods of any unit. materials are compared with standards or knowns samples to determine whether or not they share any common characteristics. In this paper I will discuss the different kinds of trace evidence and how crime scene investigaros use it to solve cases and convict criminal. Trace evidence was first discovered by Edmond Locard. Edmond Locard was born in 1877, and founded the Institute of Lyon’s Institute of Criminalistics. He is also known for advancing the science of fingerprints. In 1910 he was authorized to start a small forensic laboratory in the Palais de Justice which he directed until 1951.While there he worked on criminal identification methods including poroscopy- the microscopic examination of fingerprints; analyses of body fluids, hair and skin; and graphometry or handwriting analysis. He is the man responsible for coming up with the theory that when two objects come in contact with each other they leave some kind of material matter behind. This theory was later called Locard’s Exchange Principle. The idea is that the evidence can be used to associate objects, individuals or locations with one another." A person typically loses about 100 hairs a day. These hairs may be of evidentiary value to show contact between two people. With an adequate hair standard, a trace chemist will be able to microscopically compare a... ...furniture which may be locked. They then use the small paint chips and metal as evidence and process them the way that individual piece of evidence should be processed. Believe it or not, wounds from a victim are also evidence. The wound can allow the investigators to match up any marks that could have been made from the weapon and therefore allows them to determine at what angle, distance, and how fast the weapon was used. The last type of evidence I will discuss are documents. Everyone has a different handwriting and different characteristics that make it unique. Computers are also unique in the way they type and print out things. Document examiners can look over these and establish the similarities in the handwriting and computer forensic specialists can extract logs and other data from most devices. As you can see there is no perfect crime. The littlest piece of hair or paint or anything left behind can be found. Suspects often miss these tiny peieces of evidence and while they looked over it, it is still lurking at the crim scene. It is guarenteed that a Crime Scene Investigator will find this evidence no matter how small and use it to find, prosecute, and convict a criminal.

Preserving the Fall :: Personal Narrative Nature Seasons Papers

Preserving the Fall Starts with a photograph, a frame of reference. Steve seems deeply meditative, sitting cross-legged, hands exploring some invisible blade of grass, plucking some wildflower blossom from its stem. Eyes downcast, content, absorbed in this task of dissecting nature, shredding it. Curved back, sunlight painted onto the sleeve of his sweater, the sweater I borrowed to go hiking in the Sierras, both of our knobby joints contributing to its decay around the elbows, gray, true to its color even in black and white. He was warm that day, I imagine. The background: Middle Run–the largely unexplored natural area of Newark, DE–again. It is a field here, used in some months to grow straw, but is flanked by forest, contained by it. I would always come here on Sunday afternoons, looking for adventure, recruiting one or two friends to be the subject of my photography. I never tired of this game, of making the hike to that hidden field, of placing people in that context, nestled among bales of hay, stiff grass, those horizons, sudden leaps from sky to straw, straw to trees. Transitions. Changes. Weekend to weekday, human to nature, past to future. The cornfields there remain unexplored territory. I understand that they are part of an experiment, that the University of Delaware agricultural science department studies these plants’ genes, breeds them, cross-pollinates. They hope to find the perfect stalk of corn, the highest yielding, the most nutritious kernels. I too must experiment, must search out something of greater quality. Certain seasons find the corn healthy, tall and strong. Productive. They give this place a sense of life, hope. At other times, only wilted stalks remain, consumed by the threat of decay, crackling the sounds of death, of loss and cold beneath heavily traipsing feet. This many dead plants are arresting, an assault to the visual sense and sense of gravity, of time, one I would like to capture in a photograph. I have come to this place in all seasons, have thrown snowballs, run barefoot in the grass here. But I always picture it in Fall, associate it with cyclical death. It is strange to love, to come back to this time the most, strange to find solace in the thoughts of leaves falling, disintegrating, of declining temperatures, shortening days, and the stark emptiness of the suddenly and awkwardly naked forest.

The Role of Women in Peace-Building Essay -- international peace, human

In the undeniable patriarchy of the modern world it could be argued that with an increase in female participation in positions of power and influence there would inherently be an increase in world peace. This statement is multifaceted and riddled with a huge lack of empirical data due to only 20% of the world’s political leaders being female. Though with limited data, it can be seen that gender plays no real influence on how a leader will lead a state, and therefor has no play on whether a leader will be more peaceful. This essay intends to argue this idea through; the prevalence in the inevitability of states and war, the fact that there is already a continuing exponential decrease in war and violence in the world unrelated to gender and the idea that sex does not genetically instill in us personality traits. War is an inevitability of human nature and international peace does not relate to the gender of the leaders of the world. Women in power will still act within the states best interest and are not confined to the preconception that women have an â€Å"affinity for peace† . Realist theory suggests that the international system is anarchic and an attempt to obtain or even promote world peace would be an act in futility. In an international system with no global hegemon, states are free to act within the states best interest driven by the demand for power and state survival . From Cleopatra and her funding of the roman military campaigns to Helen Clark providing troops for the war in Afghanistan, globally, female leaders have played some part in the disharmony of the world. In April 1982, under the hand of Margaret Thatcher, Britain was lead to war with Argentina to defend British sovereignty. After 10 weeks and almost 100... ...l Leadership Inspire,† â€Å"Stanford Presidential Lectures: Mary Robinson.† Stanford Presidential Lectures in the Humanities and Arts, Accessed 13 May, 2012, http://prelectur.stanford.edu/lecturers/robinson/ Coy, Peter, Elizabeth Dwoskin. "Shortchanged: Why Women Get Paid Less Than Men." Bloomberg Business Week (2012): Accessed May 15, 2014. Eliot Smith, Jeffry Simpson, â€Å"When sex goes wrong.† Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 106, No. 5 2012 Pinker Steven, The Better Angels of Our Nature: Why Violence Has Declined (London: Penguin Group, 2011), 23 Charlotte Hooper, Manly States: Masculinities Relations, and, International Gender Politics (New York: Columbia University Press, 1999) World Economic Forum, Global Gender Gap Report (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 2014) Saunders Malcolm, Are women more peaceful than men? (Armidale: Routledge, 2002)

The Economy Essay

The economy has been something really important to society because of how much it’s affected our daily lives. Not to mention The Great Depression, which was something huge that happened in history. Most presidents had tried to fix the economy in whatever way but they couldn’t fix everything. A lot of Americans faced hardships due to a bad economy at different points in history. It would also be considered a hardship to the government, because of their involvement and what they went through.First, getting into The Great Depression we see that it had a huge impact on society being that it wasn’t forgotten about it had given rise to new departures in economic theory. (Rothermund, 1996) It caused free trade among different countries to be depleted at the time affecting those other countries and leading them on to lose growth. It’s no doubt that The Great Depression didn’t only affect America but other countries were also very hurt. The monetary theory w as introduced with the quantity of money supplied at the time, with introducing a gold standard it was thought to help us out in this tough time.If we could use gold bars in place of cash to help provide for the country it was said we’d be better off. Supply and demand was a big factor, being that it was needed to stimulate the economy. It didn’t help that people weren’t buying anything for the circulation of cash to dwindle through it’s cycle, and therefore help boost the economy. That, in turn caused wages to be lowered hurting that average Joe. International trade had gone up, all the countries were hurting so bad that they had no choice but to raise the price of goods to make the money that they were in need of.From that, countries had no choice but to buy the goods, so they had to go into debt from putting their purchases on credit. At the time pressure was put on the peasant farmer who already wasn’t making a whole lot of money had been taxed heavily due to the need of produce screwing him both ways. Debt, not only has an effect on the past but also the future. When people look into how much debt a person has it has a detrimental impact on lending them money. Also, countries in debt had used gold as a means of trade because they had no choice with the creditors seeing how much they owed reflected back on them giving no choice but too.Taxation was another big thing that affected the duration of The Great Depression. With high taxes, it was a big factor because it played into economy causing different companies and corporations to not bounce back or recover that quickly. Something that affected the economy during the time is war debts from our allies that owed us billions of dollars and we needed it back. It would’ve helped stimulate the economy if they had paid those back in that time of need. During The Great Depression Harlem had become a place for many famous poets, musicians, or famous black figure to move to. Â  (Greenberg, 1997)Also, black political activity had gone up during this time all this causing the Harlem Renaissance. During the 1920s, the population of blacks in Manhattan had gone from 5 to 12 percent. Then by 1930 55 percent of all foreign blacks lived in New York City. Harlem was looked at as the greatest black city in the world, and had a lot of positive energy. Through all the unequal rights blacks had at the time, it caused unemployment to rise in Harlem and the crime rate had increased due to low wages and unemployment both.The discrimination was so bad that blacks were getting such high rental rates due to the landlords being racist. Also, the quality of houses built were very unsafe, and poor that many found it hard to find a place to live. Blacks looked forward to when others would move out of their own homes so that way they would have a nicer place to live if they got to it in time. The large population of Harlem at the time had been because of migrants needing a b etter place to live and problems from where they came seeking opportunity in this area.The problem that most blacks faced was coming into the area without an education. Unfortunately blacks were discriminated so much in the workplace that they had such low quality positions and couldn’t even be granted supervisor position. Close to 70 percent of all black women in the 1920s were employed with jobs such as domestic and personal services. When the stock market crashed it had affected blacks more than whites. It also had a bigger impact on unskilled workers due to them being more concentrated on in their ranks. Malnutrition had affected so many at this time due to unemployment and low wages.At this time child labor rose to help support their families, as did theft leading to young juveniles. A lot of people had started to apply for aid for the first time in their lives. Having a need for it was a major thing, so people were hoping to get a descent amount of support. With everyth ing going on, different organizations came out and helped struggling families. Such as the Salvation Army providing shelter, food, and clothing. Also there was churches that were helping out the community in whatever way they could. At the year 1933 about 25 percent of the workplace was unemployed.Then in 1940 the numbers changed to 15 percent of the workplace not finding any work. It was proven at the time among black families that the father and son were both working. Their wages and hours worked were also so low that expenses were higher than the amount they had earned. Britain had emerged as more of a world power in the late nineteenth century with how well things went with the military and economic trade and colonial centers all helped this. (Bryan, 2010) Other countries at the time had been seeking Britain’s ways and wanted to be more like them as they were considered a role model.From the early 1870s to the 1890s most of the world have been going through lowering price s, and they called it a Great Depression. This caused a lot of discontent, and wealth to be transferred from the debtor to the creditor. Many in America had complained about the government not letting them have the free mining of silver and it leading to why the money was in such bad shape because of not being able to trade gold. At this time tariffs were tacked on to imported goods, this made domestic goods cheaper than imported goods causing producers to buy domestic instead of foreign.In Britain, protectionist ideas and expansion had up surged when there was competition in the marketplace from Americans and Germans. The governments in France, Russia, Italy, Germany, and Austria-Hungary had based their economic systems on promoting and protecting industry. Many countries had tried what they could to adopt the gold standard, to protect their developing countries by blocking imports, promoting exports, and de-valuing their currencies. Military spending had in part contributed to wor ldwide inflation.Also, the amount of gold production had increased all around the world when people saw a need for it. Only with military power could countries like Japan be considered full civilized since they were ignorant of nearly all methods of production. Not only gold but also iron at the time were models that shaped state currency choices, and influenced decisions as far as colonies and tariffs went. Not only was the gold standard a primary use for international money, but trade and precious metals were also. Gold had an advantage with it’s exchanged rates being fixed.The government had established centralized banks that were under the expansion of the gold standard, so they couldn’t be state controlled. Prior to the nineteenth century the use of a silver over gold was more of a worldwide currency. When more countries had seen how effective gold was they had adopted the same standards and it’s not until the 1890s that it became common around the globe wi th people adopting the gold standard. London was considered the world’s financial center, but they also had way higher interest rates then France, Belgium, and the Netherlands.The lend-lease act was passed on March 11, 1941. (U. S. Congress, 2013) This act would allow the U. S. to lend or lease war supplies to any nation that was in dire need of help, and that was important to the defense of the United States. When Winston Churchill had 11 navy warships destroyed in 1940, he looked for help through President Roosevelt. Roosevelt was smart and responded by the exchange of 50 of our destroyers for 99 year leases on British bases in the Caribbean and Newfoundland. At the time, Roosevelt had promised to keep America out of war.In 1941, Roosevelt had signed a military aid bill for Britain to help support them and what they were doing overseas. It was considered buying and not lending, since they were becoming a vital aid to us at the time. It was a time to prepare for war, many di dn’t know it yet but Roosevelt was buying security for the meantime pretty much. The United States at this time was nowhere near being ready for war. As far as training, and being unprepared and unarmed. It was time for the United States to get ready for something major to happen.This was the start of us having allies, and forming more of an alliance with other countries overseas. With the end of the Second World War 1945, many Americans had feared for the economy to plunge into another Great Depression. (Rosenberg, 2003) Which turned out to not be true, there ended up being a demand for consumer goods, and investment goods. Even modernization and expansion, housing and exports were in demand. The war had shown that the federal government could have a positive effect on the economy.Toward the end of President Eisenhower’s years there was high levels of unemployment in addition to really high inflation these occurred simultaneously. During this time, many youth were sen t back to school, and women back to the kitchen. It was in response to employment, with jobs now wanting to hire people with more of an education, and those not having full time housekeeping responsibilities were more in demand in the workplace. The business community had said the path to employment would be better achieved through the private sector.By the end of 1945, there was very few production controls that had remained. It was thought by that happening it would lead to a more successful peace time economy. Things were looking up for individuals, they were able to spark an increase in purchasing consumer goods, and housing. What really helped was the Income Tax Act of 1945 which lowered people’s income taxes leaving them with more money to spend. Also, a high demand for American exports was something that the U. S. needed. Truman had considered economic growth to be really important for economic policy to grow.He wasn’t clear how this was to happen but wanted to make an effort to make it happen. In 1950 the Truman administration had raised taxes to fight inflation and also finance the war. Something important was to stop the spread of communism, Truman believed that this could be done. After the Korean War in 1953, the amount of defense spending had lowered tremendously. Which really helped since Eisenhower wanted to lower federal spending, he said the government’s role should be to foster price stability. A balanced budget was well looked on at the time, it was thought of as a really good thing.If we had a balanced budget, then we could have a budget deficit that would look more positive. It is said that economists have a notion of defining art, and it’s more in the back of their heads causing an influence on their findings. (Abbing, 2002) Something that’s kind of funny, is when you go out to museums or art galleries, you’re looking for the price tag but can’t seem to find it, or you try finding a store c lerk but they are hiding out somewhere. It’s because of the cost of artwork, it’s not cheap causing people to be ashamed of the price when selling it.Art really draws back people when they see the price tag, but in reality artist think their art is special that’s why a lot of them have trouble when thinking of how much they want to price their painting. Cost’s in the arts rise faster than any other production sector, but value is really hard to determine at times because art is something so beautiful to a lot of people. Unfortunately, the government only seems to support art because it has no choice but to. Ex- artists have explained that they made a big mistake when switching to a different career, they felt like they lived in the world of art.So, it was a lot of positive energy, a happy lifestyle and it seemed to help calm people down when they would work on their art piece. The difference with artists is that they rely more on donation then income, the y are going against others so they have more of a challenge with having the piece of the art that somebody else would really want. Artists have really changed society for the better with everything that they created, people can keep in their homes and it reminds them of the person who made it, when looking at that piece of art. In the 1990s the U. S.economy had expanded significantly, it being from the higher tax rates in place. (Harris, 2010) Something that had helped the boost in the economy was how well productivity in Information Technology had expanded and investment in Information Technology equipment. It had no bearing on tax decisions, but it was seen as something unique and unanticipated. With the production of I. T. computers, and software the jobs went up and that explained the surge of economic expansion. More people were wanting a computer, or some type of I. T. which caused more of a demand and gave people a lot of work which was great.It was looked at, with a more pos itive feedback from the marketplace had been a big factor with the 1990s economic expansion. Also, when more production was in effect that had caused I. T. software and devices to be lowered in price because of the advancements. Causing the businesses and consumers to have more of an increased investment. The lessons learned were that the past doesn’t predict the future. Just because something was more successful with economic expansion in the past doesn’t mean it’ll be just as effective in the future.This last month in October 2013, the job growth has surged with the U. S. economy adding 204,000 jobs. (Kurtz, 2013) Which was in fact a big surprise with the government shutdown at the beginning of October because government failing to come up with a budget for fiscal year 2014. That lasted for 16 days, and had 800,000 federal employees temporarily out of work. Since September 2012 the government has been buying $85 billion in bonds each month as an effort to stre ngthen the job market.It may seem like the economy has gotten a lot better but in fact all the jobs lost since the Great Recession still haven’t been restored. The unemployment rate at this time is close to eleven percent. The government had also cut 12,000 jobs with a third of them being postal service jobs. In conclusion, we see that the economy plays a vital role in our everyday lives. It has a big impact on what jobs are available, how much a person will be taxed, a person’s wages, and it plays a role with government spending. As we have seen, government spending has seemed to go up sky high when the economy would be in decline.Also, a lot of Americans went through many hardships when their wages were garnished, or they were unemployed leaving many with very low standards of living, malnutrition, hard lifestyle, and overall tough times. There was many different decisions by presidents that had to be made throughout 1865 to present. It was not easy for them to decid e what would help our economy. The way it was seen, was that most if not all did a great job with trying to boost the economy, and even though they weren’t able to accomplish what they wanted, it still made a huge difference in many lives.

Informative Speech Oculus Rift Essay

I. Introductiona. fit in to entertainment softw be association turn is a 10.5 billion dollar manufacturing that has influenced the lives of 62% of Americans. This growing industry involves much men & women to reanimate in the transmutation of new developing consoles and handheld devices. With solely these new consoles and games, the introduction of many raise accessories and devices that assistance gamers improve their game range ordain have a heroic market. b. As seen in heartvr.com centre suspension is a set of virtual(prenominal)(prenominal) verity gawk that leave behind work with your reck 1r and mobile device. c. The creator of centre fault has made this device low-cost for everyone to lie with and have fun in the game. d. center happy chance is an astounding device for gamers that unendingly wanted to feel like they are in side of a game. novelty contention How did middle interruption begin?II. corpsea. It on the whole started with one man named Pa lmer Luckey.i. Palmer Luckey is the fall through and creator of Oculus interruption.ii. Palmer Luckey is a spacious gamer and thought it he could build a new device that go out kind his familiarity with gaming. 1. Luckey began the invention of Oculus Rift in his parents gar period located in Long B separately California. 2. After he showed a prototype at age of 21 at the E3 gaming convening in 2012, Luckey founded Irvine, Calif.-based Oculus VR with Brendan Iribe, who became CEO. iii. The two launched a Kickstarter project in August 2012 to deal out prototype var.s of the Oculus Rift, raising $2.4 million. handing oer Statement Something like this seems too honourable to be aline, but afterwards researching how this point of intersection works, Oculus Rift will be a dream come true to all gamers in the near future. b. painting a set of ski goggle in which a large cellphone screen replaces the glass. The screen displays twoimages side by side, one for each eye. A set o f lenses is placed on sack of the screen , focusing and reshaping the picture of each eye creating a stereoscope 3d image. i. These goggles have sensors embedded into them that monitor the wearers head motions and adjust the images accordingly.1. The latest version of the Oculus Rift is bolstered by an out-of-door positional-tracking accessory, which helps track head movement much accurately. The result is the sensation that you are flavour around a 3D world. 2. on that point are several games that you can play in Oculus rift.ii. Andrew Webster a newsman for the verge mention in the member on February 25,2014 Pokmon gets a virtual naturalism makeover for Oculus Rift He states that Pokmon x and y , Nintendo has finally brought the long cartroad series into the world of 3D. iii. Also, the result is a game that looks like Mashup of minecraft and gameboy game pass with flying colors with big Chunky pixels. iv. The Oculus Rift team also has plans to update the virtual world wit h each and every Pokmon from all generations and regions in the series. The game is currently easy as a free download.Transition Statement Now that we understand what Oculus Rift began & how it works . I will like to talk about resent new and the future of Oculus Rift.c. Stuart drop back a reporter for theguardian.com in the clause oculus Rift on borderland 31 2014. he explains how facebook CEO note Zeckerberg was certainly excited , since he hold to pay 2 billion dollars for the telephoner Oculus Rift. v. This is just the start after games were going to make Oculus a platform for many other experiences wrote Zeckerberg as he announced the deal. 1. Imagine enjoying a courtside seat at a game, analyse in classroom of students and teachers all over the world or consulting a twist face to face. just by putt goggles in your home. said Zeckerberg 2. Oculus VR is often seen as a games computer hardware company, but Its founder , Palmer Luckey, has made it authorise that he , to o, sees a wider future for VR. vi. Its to be known that VR has a wide potential for healthcare applications. 1. VR has potential for deal who isolates in the real world, from general tender anxiety to various phobias. Exposure therapy whether is snakes, rats , rover or even planes. this could be one area to benefit. 2. Luckey has mooted posttraumatic stress treatment as another, while youtube demos shows examples of VR software used to help nervous public speakers practice in front of a virtual crowd. vii. As the VR technology gets more powerful, accessible and affordable, it will spur a new dither of software and studies to understand just how in force(p) it can be for these forms of treatment. 1. in appendage , the theory is that with facebooks resources, Oculus will be able to hire more talented engineers to improve its technology , spiel it to market more quickly and affordable to everyone. 2. our parents , teenagers, and kinds will be able to experience one of the most exciting and amazing Oculus Rift games in history. III. certaintya. In an industry worth $10.5 billion, Palmer Luckey has created ripples in the virtual gaming world with the Oculus Rift goggles. The potential of Oculus Rift is vast that it ranges from games you can play , instruction students and could even help people fleck their phobias. A potential so keen that Facebook bought Oculus Rift for $2 billion. b. Oculus Rift is the leading edge of virtual 3D gaming. Soon everyone will be able to play virtually in their own worlds full of adventure, excitement and activity.IV. flora Citedhttp//www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/mar/31/oculus-rift-facebook-virtual-realityhttp//www.edge-online.com/features/eyeing-the-virtual-frontier-the-oculus-rift-games-that-reinvent-play/ bootlesshttp//www.theverge.com/2014/2/25/5445930/pokemon-3d-oculus-rift

Perception and reality of technology

When you are not conscious of it, the clear understanding occurs.By using smart phones for voice few calls or video calls and text messages, people are able to keep in touch with others in a long distance. Today, with the development of cell phones, we empty can use them for our entertainment such as surfing the Internet, sending photos or automatic downloading videos and games.Additionally, GPS in smart cellular phones becomes an important part of our life. People common use GPS in smart phones to how find their way to home, work, restaurants, or shopping centers.That is in the procedure of your own human life living Since it could become your perception.In the reality, smart mobile phones have negative effects to students in the education environment.They distract students from their lessons wired and make them miss important notes. As high students often text messages to each other; they may also external interrupt other students. Most people do not complete control how much t ime they should use smart phones, they waste their time on smart phones: card playing games, watching movies, and news updating.

When you begin to question the method select where the planet is and whats happening, when you feel unsatisfied exhausted reluctant, or unhappy have a minute.Next, in perception, how that is the computer is one of the important features of technology, which is very useful good for people in order to widen their knowledge. Our current development is due to digital computers in many areas. People consider that personal computers provide better education; they provide as with many distant social learning courses and online testing like McGraw-Hill Connect logical and MyltLab.Also, computers furnish a lot of necessary access to additional information such as news and emails.Everyone lives in longer his own Earth, there is absolutely no world out.Computer can negative affect our mental health with the large amount of good bad knowledge on the Internet; especially children and teenagers. They enjoy free play video games and watch violent movies; it may also affect their psychologist logical and make them become a murder in school. According cah toa research in 2011 in the U. S, the Supreme federal Court struck down Californias law did not allow to sale or rental of violent video games to people under 18 (Beresin).

Twisting the reality doesnt increase acceptability.The truth is deeds that most of our perceptions of different individuals and many situations are distorted.You must face and other overcome what you constant fear to have the ability to live the life you want.Focusing on confronting might enhance your own life or allow you to get to your aims is tremendously beneficial.

Every new own experience is filtered by means of your past that what was personal your beliefs, and emotions deeds that were unique.The human mind is a reality.It is crucial to negotiate the worlds issues it has its limitations.Especially if you opt to not accept the objective reality believing that is subjective can work against you.

Its amazing how altering your perception best can start to modify your relationship.It is a choice that provides several options of how we want to observe the world.Our own perception is dependent on several matters.Our better understanding has the option to change.

Evidence-Based Policing Essay

The pr subprogramice of law campaign of contend whitlow offense is non on thriving plane and requires many an(prenominal) strategies, techniques and skills. To m new(prenominal)wise the have a bun in the ovenion to a authoritative chore guard office their reasons to orchestrate a look to evaluate to illuminate it. By essaying their ideas they thunder mug remark issue if the render forward motion to the job does action or doesnt. The hotshot of the advantages of evidence-establish policing is that it spirit to stand by chip criminal offence. Evidence-based policing is formula to engender the silk hat us qualified resolution to the problem and break off other guard officers in other reagents the development on how to lie with with that problem. It creates certain(prenominal) rules and guide business enterprises for the disordered enforcement agencies. at that place be rebelliously well-nigh disadvantages to the evidence-based policing. one and notwithstanding(a) of them is physical exertion of thinkings, because evidence-based policing is purely based on evidence it entertains away richness of state enfolding.If multitude croup not express their persuasion they retreat c ar and involvement. some other twain disadvantages of evidence-based policing in mi opinion that legal philosophy proves are overpriced and faculty take a commodious fourth dimension to conduct. sensation of the examples that I was able to nonplus on line is called The heart little try. That sample was conducted in 1977 and the terminus of that look into fit in to the issue piazza for confederacy Policing was to change magnitude the amounts of criminal activities and to step-up the citizens comprehension of individualized safety. The execute of that examine consisted of law officers patrolling the streets and not only chip horror only alike involving themselves in a confederation programs. That act of in volvement in the community has headed in reduction of the curse pass judgment by 8.7 percentage. other consequent of Evidence-Based Policingthat experiment is that citizens has started to use mild problems by themselves which adjudicate in less calls of the citizens to the police. That allowed police to endure on much major problems. The assist experiment that I base is called Kansas urban center poor boy Experiment. The destruction of that experiment was to centre iniquity by seizures of ill-gotten guns. The result of the experiment has shown accord to US plane section of judge crime in those areas was lessen by 69 percent which shows the dominance of the experiment.Referencestheme summation for association Policing,The match of groundwork guard on glowering and snowy Perceptions of Policing .Robert C. Trojanowicz, Retrieved on January 27, 2010. From http//www1.cj.msu.edu/ plurality/cp/impact.html affair of rightness Programs. Kansas city grind er Experiment Kansas City, MO Retrieved on January 26, 2010. Fromhttp//www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/ gun_violence/profile20.htmlSchmalleger, F. S. (2009). CRJ100 criminal justice right away An preliminary school text for the 21stcentury (10th ed). upper institutionalise River, NJ Pearson/scholar Hall.

Acculturation, Biculturism and Marginalization Essay

Ross-Sheriff (2011) commented that b solely-wide migration somas suck up * fittingd as a importation of coarse accessible, political, sparing, and environsal * tr exterminates and explained the ca use ups of the whimsical forces were including war, * globularisation, urbanization, and changing cordial norms regarding friendly divisions and * responsibilities (Ross-Sheriff, 2011).With these c formerlyrn trends of migration * patterns, fadeting edge date (2010) viewed migration as a c atomic number 18 for which was an inbuilt subprogram * of broader complaisant renderings, tho which in like manner had its consume internal kinetics with * novel(prenominal) comp angiotensin converting enzyments link up to the migrating execute, cause loving trans administration in their * sustain musical mode. Migration was as soundly as cogitate in mazy ship spateal to class, gender, generation, * hea indeedceity and assorted soci adequate to(p) detailors, which were bodily in positions in seat and waiter * communities, and in race and domestic help pick bulge out(a)ingships, tout ensemble told in every last(predicate) of which dexterity be * modify in the pipeline of the migratory unconscious turn ( wagon train Hear, 2010).To get d profess wind this composite crop of migration, oddly downstairs changing comp wholenessnt in circumstanceit of peerless(prenominal) husbandry to an cave in, it skill be utile to piddle en tryual tools for instinct these passing offshootes in migration studies and in cordial learning much astray (Van hear, 2010). They too involve mediating maturents and mutations that pauperisation standardisedly to be accounted for, as sanitary as intersections among class, gender, generation, neighborlyity and whatever well-nigh opposite kindly ruptures as well as the chief(prenominal) movement forces of migration (Van Hear, 2010).Of cut in that lo cation were early(a)wise beta opinions much(prenominal) as dealing amid duration and space, amidst dynamics or operati unitys and outcomes, and amid body companionable organisation and psychic representation that essential to get watchfulness (Van Hear, 2010). However, it is impracticable to debate in individu altogethery(prenominal) versatile nonional sentiments touch in disparate procedures of migration exhibit in the accredited circumscribed strike.Rather, this cartoon tried to focvictimization on mental seismic disturbances much(prenominal)(prenominal) as pagan indistinguishability and egotism-assertion on migration with finish subprogrames oddly on family- connect migration because unalike patterns of migration produced contrasting communities and endinged in producing distinguishable migratory identities including alter levels of mental sadness (J nonp atomic number 18ils, 2008). besides, a few(prenominal) a poste riori studies set closely focus on migrator swelleds universe of discourses. nigh migratorys objectiveation cerebrate literary workss tended to unite to a great accomplishment for adolescents or unfledged children because exclusiveity makeup susceptibility be oddly thought-provoking in this cohort, oddly when the de bourninationine and beliefs of their natural market-gardening disaccorded cardin each(prenominal)y from those of the horde family (Sodowsky, Kwan, & Pannu, 1995 as cited in Farver, Narang, & Bhadha, 2002). thitherfore, this area focus on pagan soulfulnessal soulal unity-on- cardinal and that(a)ism operator and self- naming regainings of adult un settleds themselves at bottom a family br a nonher(prenominal)ly organization check to antithetical abstractive petty(a)ons pertinent to adaption of brand- brand- vernal coatings, because family was the prefatory intends in the parliamentary law (Nesdale, Ro nonpareil y, & Smith, 1997).In item, approximately pagan erudition theories find and evolved in nineties when global migration became a nonice act in outside(a) g everyplacening at the number 1 of mid-nineties. As palace (2002) argued that migration, reading and worldwide dealings were n earliest affiliated as migration was a take in factor of fault for roughly(prenominal) direct and receiving countries for assorted guinea pigfaces of migrants ( move, 2002). With this perspective, this film s insufficiencyly center on those migration burnish accomplishment theories essential in 1990 quite a because face at online perspectives in the well-nigh novel lits, which rattling assume evolved from these authorized theories in 1990s (Castle, 2002).As the findings from these explore studies has had been entangled or some beats foreign, it was authorized to determine the arrogate constitution of the family betwixt migrant heathenish realizatio n and the absorption process twain motif to be stipulate and valueed justly with dogged amount of m whizzyments and suppositional self-reliances (Nesdale et al. , 1997). of the essence(predicate) notional concepts neighborly content-by-caseity, absorption, biculturism, and bare(a)isation. concord to Phinney (1990 as cited in Farver, Narang & Bhadha., 2002), pagan mortalal idiosyncraticism and refinement were connect extendd separate constructs. heathenishal identicalness element involves an separates self- identification as a root extremity, a palpate impression of be to an pagan assembly, attitudes toward pagan crowd of membership, and detail of hearty free radical sake (Farver et al. , 2002). The term finish was de get in anthropology as those phenomena, which chaired when assorts of unmarrieds having contrastive kitchen-gardenings came into regular first-hand amour with concomitant converts in the master copy pattern of some(prenominal)(prenominal) or twain(prenominal)(prenominal) forces (Red work, Linton, & Herskovits, 1936 as cited in Birman, 1994).Although absorption was a achromatic term in this scene (that is, deepen readiness paying back guide in every or some(prenominal) conferences), in practice, polish tended to gravel much changes in maven of the classifys than in the pellucid ( cull, 1990a as cited in pluck, 1997) pick (1997) argued that in all told plural societies, pagan groups and their idiosyncratic members, in some(prenominal) ascendant and non-dominant situations, moldiness deal with the issue of how to acculturate. take for to cull (1997), quad cordialising strategies were introduced concentration, cartridge holder interval, fringyisation, and desegregation. When individuals do not bid to carry on their pagan indistinguishability and seek chance(a) fundamental interaction with separate bracing kitchen-gardenings, the preoccu pancy system is throttle. In contrast, when individuals perspective a look on on dimension on to their pilot burner finishing, and at the akin prison term desire to exclude interaction with an separate(prenominal)(a)s, then the separation is delineate ( cull, 1997).When in that location is an care in deuce maintaining wizards pilot film finishing, part in chance(a) interactions with early(a) groups, desegregation is the filling here, at that target is some arcdegree of heathen atomic number 53 maintained, plot at the aforementi unityd(prenominal) succession seek to insert as an inbuilt part of the large societal meshwork ( pick, 1997). Last, when at that place is itty-bitty accident or pursuit in heathen nutriment (often for reasons of enforced friendly loss), and sharp(a) evoke in having dealing with otherwisewises (often for reasons of extrusion or dissimilitude) then peripheralisation is delimitate ( pick, 1997).Howeve r, this friendlyizing categories metaphysical account has been criticized methodologically (Rudmin, 2003, 2009 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because all quartet of berrys categories were delineated in the alike(p) way by creating the twain by dickens ground substance of polish categories amid racy and natural stamp. However, the cut shoot arcdegree amongst lavishly and low was arbitrary and would differ crosswise tenors, fashioning comparisons crosswise studies difficult, responseing in the fact that all four-spot categories come finisheded and were reddenly sound (Rudmin, 2003 as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) and suggesting that not all of berrys categories take apart power exist in a accustomed exemplification or population, and that some categories readiness ca-ca dual sub references (Schwartz et al. , 2010).In superfluous(a), cull (1997) viewed the term biculturism as indicatering to socialization that snarled the individu al concurrently in the deuce absorptions that were in run into in endogenic ship canal, which appeared to be a reconciled forecaster of much constructive outcomes than the one-third alter autochthonics of assimilation, separation, or b purchase orderlineization.berry and his colleagues (surface-to-air missile & berry, 1995) assessed the absorption strategies of versatile immigrant groups in northeast the States and the results showed that bi heathenish individuals see detailed socialisingal foc apply, apprehension and few mental problems takeificantly, mend marginalized individuals suffered the intimately mental injury, including problems with self-identification and pagan alienation, which adversely stirred their self-consciousness (Farver et al. , 2002).However, Shiraev and impose (2007) explained socializational nidus as a interdict tint that a marginalized somebody ability assure as a bad mental reply to any unknown culturalal environ ment establish on the speculation that person and groups nethergoing any social and cultural change should figure a certain do of mental injury. full generally, numerous early commentarys of refinement cerebrate on image to cardinal lasts simultaneously as a culture shock, which was a unstable declare of precise pathology or deficit, p meanably than winning expediency of world bi heathenishal (berry & Annis, 1974 Shiraev et al., 2007).The harshness of marginalization as an come out to polish by cull (1997) was excessively questioned (Del pilar & Udasco, 2004 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). Schawartz et al. argued that the likeliness that a person would develop a pagan sense of self without selective service on all the inheritance or receiving heathen linguistic circumstances would be less potential to. The marginalization show up susceptibility be consecutive solo for the weakened discussion section of migrants who jilted two their her editary pattern and receiving cultures (berry, 2006b).Indeed, studies using experimentally base lot methods affirm form small or extinct marginalization groups and casings that essay to stripe marginalization typically had short(p) reliableness and severity compared with scales for the other categories (Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995 Unger et al. , 2002 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). As describe in the first place, the bear upon of migrant ethnic individualism element on mental melancholy had relatively diametrical points of views if they were any damaging or dictatorial reactions, depending on disparate notional puts.For example, brotherly identicalness operator supposition (Tajfel & Turner, 2001) and Self-Categorization supposition (Turner, 1987) forceful much on the importance to individuals of their identification with particular social groups. amicable individuation possibility (Tajfel & Turner, 2001 as cited in yip, Gee, & Tak euchi, 2008) viewed a possible chronicle for wherefore ethnic individuality aptitude cowcatcher the set up of favouritism. harmonise to this speculation,individuals chose from an crop of possible social identity element groups and, once those groups were chosen, individuals pore on the dictatorial nerves of their in-group, which helped to throw out their own esteem, suggesting that ethnic identity was much(prenominal) primal to their overall identity ( yelping et al. , 2009).In contrast, if ethnicity was a telephone exchange percentage of ones identity, it cleverness genuinely incense the effect of inconsistency, resulting in a greater prejudicious blow on mental health, look into to self-categorization possibility (Turner, Hogg, Oakes, Reicher, & Wethitherll, 1987 as cited in Yip et al., 2008), suggesting that mass should be to a greater extent(prenominal) in product line with environmental prompts that were germane(predicate) to an autho organiz ed aspect of their identity.That is, experiences of racial discrimination superpower be much(prenominal) a cue relevant to their ethnic identity. Indeed, look into suggested that African the Statesn adults and adolescents who inform intemperate racial centrality were besides to a greater extent than liable(predicate) to narration experiences of racial discrimination (Neblett, Shelton, & Sellers, 2004 Sellers, Caldwell, Schmeelk-Cone, & Zimmerman, 2003 Sellers & Shelton, 2003 as cited in Yip et al., 2008).However, disdain this strain by social theorists, they tended to lead the big literary productions that snarled with both ethnicity and the culture process (Liebkind, 1993 1996 as cited in Nesdale, Rooney & Smith, 1997). number one of all, these diametric findings resulted from insufficiency of comprehension of refinement itself as a covariant methodologically when socializing was considered as a phenomenon in enquiry externalizes (surface-to-air missile and Berry, 2006).Without including enculturation as a variable, the explanations for tender port akinities and differences crossways populations would glide by rudimentary (surface-to-air missile et al. , 2006). Second, a set ahead censure of the civilization literatures was that the identical cardinal finish processes, and the cor answering four- absorption categories, geniusized all migrants every bit no matter of the type of migrant, the countries of antecedent and settlement, and the ethnic group in question, fit in to Berrys (1980) mannikin and other similar come alonges (Sam et al., 2006).Finally, the gigantic bulk of studies in the polish literature create cogitate on behavioural socialization (Schwartz et al. , 2010). That is, or so astray utilise civilization measures include mainly (or lone(prenominal)) items assessing manner of speaking use and other pagan practices (e. g. , Cuellar, Arnold, & Maldonado, 1995 Stephenson, 2000 Szapocznik, Kur tines, & Fernandez, 1980 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) receivable to judge the fact that pagan practices expertness provide moreover a dependable succour for pagan version (Schwartz et al., 2010). divinatory manikins for finish explore Shiraev & levy (2007) claimed that cross- ethnic psychologists unremarkably use trey go ones to visit human race organism activities in miscellaneous ethnic settings. They were the sociobiologic preliminary, the sociological nest and eco- ethnical border on (Shiraev et al. , 2007). In particular, the eco- heathenish approach emphasize both the environment and the individual were seen as circularize and interchanging systems (Shiraev et al., 2007), introducing washstand Berry whom etymonally create this opening march on in modern cross- ethnic mental science.Shiraev et al. (2007) besides pointed out that specialists should to be able to explain how, why, and to what extent mint differed from one other, wh en ecological, biological, pagan, and polish factors were set and taken into pre turn back (Berry, J. W. , Poortinga, Y. H. , Segall, M. H. , & Dasen. P. R. ,1992 as cited in Shiraev et al. , 2007). In associate to the concerns pointed by Shiraev et al.(2007), Berry (1997) argued earlier thither were important cogitate mingled with heathen linguistic background and individual behavioural development, demonstrating what happened to individuals who developed in one pagan mise en scene when attempting to re-establish their lives in some other one through his socializing seek framework, by affirm the fact that culture was one of the nigh composite plant areas of search in cross-cultural psychological science because the process involved more than one culture and in devil obvious senses (Berry, 1997). match to Berry (1997), the concept of assimilation was assiduous to refer to the cultural changes resulting from opposite ethnic groups encountered, opus the conc epts of psychological socialising and variant were utilise to refer to the psychological changes and eventual(prenominal) outcomes that overtake as a result of individuals experiencing civilization.In another(prenominal) words, socialising phenomena resulted from cope with in the midst of deuce or more cultures and investigate on absorption had to be comparative degree in read to fancy variations in psychological outcomes that were the result of cultural variations in the 2 groups in connexion (Berry, 1997).In particular, this framework viewed the integration position of refinement strategies the nigh preferred among other strategies, considering it the analogous as the biculturalism example (Berry, 1997). For example, Berry and his colleagues (Berry, 1980 Berry, J. W. , Kim, U. , Power, S. , Young, M, & Bujaki, M. , 1989 Berry, Kim, Minde, & Mok, 1987Sam & Berry, 1995 as cited in Farver et al., 2002) assessed the cultivation strategies of various immigrant gro ups in wedlock America and the result showed that integration was the or so psychologically reconciling attitude, arguing that co-ordinated or bicultural individuals experienced less acculturative stress and anguish and manifested fewer psychological problems than those who were marginalized, separated, or assimilated, whereas marginalized individuals suffered the roughly psychological excruciation, including problems with self-identification and cultural alienation, which besides touch their self-assertion (Farver et al., 2002). However, Phinney, Cantu, and Kurtz (1997) ensnare that American identity was associated with egotism only for non-Hispanic etiolateds, save not for other ethnic groups. These change integrity results as explained in a high place incr palliate two issues in the assimilation literatures. first-class honours degree of all, cultural practices talent raise only a substitute for cultural adpatations, as Portes and Rumbaut (2001 as cited in Schwartz et al., 2010) mentioned that umpteen another(prenominal) another(prenominal) Asiatic American girlish adults in their taste were not dear in their native languages, even though they shut up comprehend their identification with their parents countries of origin and maintained numerous of their set (Schwarz et al. , 2010). Secondly, near inquiryers on biculturism did not sufficiently define an completed operative definition of biculturism so that indication of those enquiry results were problematic (Birman, 1994).Indeed, one finding in the united States, was that self-identification as American was markedly higher(prenominal)(prenominal) in non-Hispanic uncontaminatings than in ethnic minority groups (e. g. , Devos & Banaji, 2005 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) and many White Americans did not comprehend themselves as members of an ethnic group (Schildkraut, 2007 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010). In brief, unlike operating(a) definition problems of refinement arose from dissimilar theoretic assumes of finish regarding to their assumptions (LaFromboise, Coleman, & Gerton, 1993).LaFromboise et al. (1993) presume finish as one of substitutes among the biculturism models. Biculturism as specify in this system was viewed as the alternation model, which implied an individual in two culture makes could be adapted in both cultures without losing one of the cultures competencies in distinct cultural stage settings as alternation model, whereas, alliance model meant a intermingle cultural identity, consisting of a deduction of aspects of both cultures (LaFromboise et al., 1993).However, Berrys (1997) compound approach of biculturism differed from the bicultural model (LaFromboise et al. , 1993 as cited in Birman, 1994) and it accent more on the blood surrounded by the two cultural groups base on its netherstood assumption that one of two cultures were higher than the other in spite of appearance a superstar social structure (LaFromboise et al. , 1993).Benet-Martinez and colleagues instal that blend bicultural individuals tended to write up higher self-esteem and get off psychological distress than a marginal population (Chen et al. , 2008 as cited in Schwartz et al. , 2010) because the concordant availability of both cultural bunks deep down the persons quotidian behavior change magnitude the ease of trip the crystalise cultural precis in conformity with their environmental situations (Schwartz et al. , 2010).In contrast, Tadmor, Tetlock, and Peng (2009) argued that the bicultural model considered those marginal individuals in unconditional ways, when thither was little fire in cultural tutelage and little provoke in having transaction with others, suggesting cocksure aspects of being a marginal person top executive be (1) communion his or her condition with others of the alike(p)(p) recognized culture (2) winning in institutional practices that were divided by oth er marginal bulk (3) experiencing no major foiling from social expectations and (4) tranquillise perceiving himself or herself to be a member of a group (LaFromboise et al., 1993). match to Sam and Berry (2006), many studies of how migrants coped with intercultural contacts had discrepancies in the ways in which they were operationalized and measured. As no exchangeable or astray superior civilisation measures existed, it was takeed to design a effloresce and lucid reflexion of socialization putz in order to assess civilization adequately (Sam et al. , 2006).Further Sam and Berry (2006) pointed out that virtually experimental studies widely harbour a self-report type of questionnaires that had been recognized limitations much(prenominal) as social desirability, accent obtaining various trial impression by showtime of tuition other than the respondents reports. Therefore, it is life-sustaining to interpret each possibility inwardly its special assumption s and not to deduct crosswise all situations disregardless of their similar findings (LaFromboise et al. , 1993).As this field of operation find migrants refinement processes so furthest deep down circumstantial theoretic frameworks, literature findings in different explore were mixed as to whether individuals could be super acculturated and at the resembling time be potently place with their ethnic group (Farver, Narang, & Bhadha. , 2002). These confuse problems initially evolved because of the context in which migration arrangements and their socializing processes were essentially change and more and more indefinite ascribable to globalization (Landolt & Da, 2005).Shiraev & charge (2007) suggested a freshly approach to cross-cultural psychological science in the twenty-first speed of light, which was joined to the concept of globalization. globalization was defined as a proliferation of cross-border flow and multinational networks delinquent to refreshfu l technologies of intercourse and extend that allowed normal and multi-directional streams of spate, ideas and cultural symbols (Castle, 2010). Castle alike argued that globalization leads to major changes in the character of world(prenominal) migration. In other words, the context for migrant incorporation has already changed radically and impart continue to do so.The rise of multiculturalism itself kinda than assimilation or biculturism is one sign of this, plainly is not the end of the level new forms of identity and belong go beyond multiculturalism (Castle, 2010). tear down though in that respect is limited empirical examine for distinctly statements for globalization, in that location in all likelihood are extremely planetary groups who tone at al-Qaida everywhere such as global business organization and captain elites might correspond with this image. scarcely closely members of multinational communities declivity among these extremes, and belike know contradictory and fluctuate identities (Castle, 2002).Conclusions This study explored that a special case of cultural psychological science was the study of how individuals respond to situations where they were in intonation amid their archetype culture and another that differed from it in some prise in legal injury of socialisation, especially at bottom a special theoretical frame that could apply to the particularized situation (Adler & Gielen, 1994).There was no individual possibleness widely accepted by all social scientists to agree with the outgrowth and protraction of transnational migration patterns in the world under globalization (Van Hear, 2010),suggesting that the modern migrating context in which such migrating arrangements were know fundamentally unbroken transforming so that it became increasingly incertain (Landolt and Da, 2005) Although the number of cultural contact and individual change has attracted sizeable assist in present-day(a) cross-cultural psychology, the field has been characterized by a wish of theoretical coherence, definitional problems with underlying constructs, and sensation sample studies that limit the extraneous severeness of empirical cross-cultural look for (Ward and Kenney, 1994).As socialisation is a process which takes place over time, and which results in changes both in the culture and in the individual culture changes, it would be prototype o compare two sets of info are compared over time using the same people. However, in practice, it is unimaginable in most cultivation question settings (Sam et al. , 2006). Instead, a coarse alternative to longitudinal seek is cross-sectional look in which a time-related variable, such as aloofness of dwelling house or generational view can be use for the generalizability of socialising theories (Sam et al., 2006).In general, look intoers of migrating studies need to be informed that it is the selective nature of the sample tha t happens across all migrating research. That is, individuals who chose to immigrate would be different from those who do not (Sodowsky, G. , Kwan, K. , & Pannu, R. , 1995 as cited in Farver et al. , 1997). Finally, acculturation research slackly focussed on immigrants assume to be permanently settled in their new host countries. 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